Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
The pattern (explicación del concepto)
There are four demonstrative adjectives. This is for one thing near you; that is for one thing far from you. These is for many things near you; those is for many things far from you. They go straight before a noun: this book, that pen, these chairs, those windows. You can also use them alone: Is this your bag?
| Palabra | Distancia | Numero | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| this | cerca (near) | singular | This is my notebook. |
| that | lejos (far) | singular | That is your locker. |
| these | cerca (near) | plural | These are my keys. |
| those | lejos (far) | plural | Those are the bus stops. |
Affirmative, negative, question
Affirmative: This is a chair. / These are books. Negative with not: This is not (isn't) a chair. / These are not (aren't) books. Question: Is this your pen? / Are these your pens? Notice the verb agrees with the number: singular uses is, plural uses are, no matter the distance.
Worked example, step by step
Task: label objects around a classroom. Step 1: pick an object and ask number: a pen on your desk is one thing, so singular. Step 2: ask distance: it is near, so this -> "This is a pen." Step 3: a group of chairs far at the back is many and far, so those -> "Those are chairs." Step 4: turn one into a question: "Are those your chairs?" The finished labels always come from combining number plus distance.
Practice (ejercicios progresivos)
Ejemplo resuelto — There are many books near you. Which is correct?
El planteamiento
There are many books near you. Which is correct?Razonamiento
Many + near = these; the verb is are, so "These are books."Respuesta correcta
These are books.
Paso 1 de 3
There are many books near you. Which is correct?
You point at one building far away. You say:
"Those" is used for many things that are near you.
Completa: para una cosa cerca uso ; para varias cosas lejos uso .
Retroalimentación y comprobación de dominio
If you mixed up these and those, go back to the table and ask yourself the two questions (near or far? one or many?). If everything felt easy, try describing five objects in your room, choosing the right demonstrative for each.
Mira a tu alrededor y escribe dos frases: una con this o that y otra con these o those, eligiendo bien la distancia y el número.
Revisa que cada demostrativo combine los dos ejes: cerca/lejos y singular/plural, y que el verbo (is/are) coincida con el número.
Tu texto se guarda sólo en este dispositivo.
Can you pick the right demonstrative?
Aquí se mira lo que ya fuiste acertando. Pulsa «Comprobar» para saber si puedes seguir.
Los adjetivos demostrativos this, that, these, those señalan algo con base en su ubicación y cantidad. ¿Cuál opción es correcta para objetos cercanos y en plural?
La forma interrogativa del demostrativo es: Are those your brothers? — Yes, they are.
El PDA identifica los adjetivos demostrativos this, that, these, those para describir objetos con características definidas. ¿Cuál uso es correcto según la regla de ubicación?
En This tea was invented in China, el demostrativo this acompaña al sustantivo singular tea y sirve para dar la ubicación y descripción del objeto que se describe en el volante informativo.
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