Poner el reflector sobre la acción, no sobre quién la hizo
Cómo se forma, tiempo a tiempo
| Tiempo | Activa | Pasiva (BE + pp) |
|---|---|---|
| present simple | writes | is written |
| past simple | wrote | was written |
| future | will write | will be written |
| present perfect | has written | has been written |
| modal | must write | must be written |
- El truco mental: toma el OBJETO de la activa y ponlo de SUJETO; el verbo se convierte en "be + participio"; el antiguo sujeto pasa a "by…" o desaparece.
- "They build houses" → "Houses ARE BUILT (by them)." Si el agente no aporta, se suelta: "Houses are built."
Cuándo (y por qué) usar la pasiva
- No sabemos quién: "My bike WAS STOLEN."
- No importa quién: "The road IS REPAIRED every spring."
- Queremos ser impersonales/formales (noticia, ciencia): "It WAS DISCOVERED that…"
- Para enfocar el receptor: "The patient WAS OPERATED on successfully."
Reading passage · "Tech news roundup"
Identify the passive verbs and ask: WHO is the hidden agent?
A new smartphone was unveiled in Berlin last night. The device is said to feature the fastest chip ever built, and it will be sold in sixty countries before the end of the year. Battery life has been improved by forty per cent, according to engineers, while the price was kept unchanged. Concerns about repairability were raised by independent labs, which found that the screen can only be replaced by certified technicians. The company has been criticised before, and its next launch will be watched closely by a market that has been disappointed too often.
Detrás del texto
- "was unveiled", "will be sold", "has been improved", "must/was kept", "were raised", "can be replaced", "will be watched": pasivas en distintos tiempos.
- "is said to feature" = "It is said that…" → típico del periodismo para atribuir sin citar a nadie.
- El agente aparece solo cuando aporta: "BY CERTIFIED TECHNICIANS", "BY INDEPENDENT LABS."
El passive "GET" y verbos con preposición
- Informal: GET + participio = pasiva de cambio de estado: "He GOT FIRED", "My phone GOT FIXED." Más dinámico que BE.
- Si el verbo lleva preposición, no la pierdas: "The person we spoke TO" → "The person WAS SPOKEN TO"; "They looked into the case" → "The case was looked INTO." La preposición se queda pegada al verbo.
Errores frecuentes
- Usar el infinitivo en vez del participio: *"was write" → was WRITTEN.
- Añadir el agente con "by" cuando no se conoce: si no lo sabes, omítelo.
- Pasiva con verbos que no la admiten bien (algunos intransitivos): no *"was arrived".
Practice — Basic
"The Mona Lisa ___ by Leonardo da Vinci✦."
"This app ___ every week."
"The letter was wrote" es correcta.
Practice — Intermediate
Match the active sentence to its passive:
Convierte a pasiva: "They make these cars in Spain." → "These cars in Spain."
En el pasaje de noticias, ¿en cuántos países will the phone be sold? (número)
Practice — Advanced
Which passive sentence is INCORRECT?
Marca la línea o las líneas con error y pulsa Comprobar.
Rewrite a short news alert in the passive: give 4 active sentences (a company launched a product; the press ignored the warning…) and convert them, hiding or delaying the agent. Use present, past and future passive.
Se evalúa transformar a be + participio en varios tiempos y gestionar el agente by/omit.
Tu texto se guarda sólo en este dispositivo.
Khan Academy / BBC · Passive voicePasiva en contextos formales.
Key cards
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Escribir en voz pasiva
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