| Elemento | Dato |
|---|---|
| Materia | Lengua Adicional. Inglés III |
| Unidad | Unidad 1. My life so far |
| Tema | Present perfect and past simple: life so far |
| Objeto de aprendizaje | 1 de 4 |
| Duración estimada | 50 minutos |
| Dificultad | Media |
| Prerrequisito | Inglés II: presente simple y continuo, pasado simple de verbos regulares e irregulares frecuentes. |
| Siguiente | OA 2 de la Unidad 1: present perfect continuous con for y since. |
| Categoría | Preparatoria |
| Nivel | 2.º de Preparatoria |
| Semestre | 3 |
| Área | Lengua Adicional. Inglés |
| Tema / etapa | Present perfect and past simple: life so far |
| OA en la ruta | 1 de 4 |
| Tipo de OA | Desarrollo de tema |
| Resultado de aprendizaje | Narrar experiencias propias y ajenas hasta el presente usando present simple, past simple y present perfect con precisión formal, elegir el tiempo según el marco temporal, pronunciar las contracciones del auxiliar y sostener una entrevista oral de tres minutos. |
| Conceptos clave | present perfect, past simple, past participle, irregular verbs, ever, never, just, already, yet, for, since, life experience, short answers, contractions |
| Marco curricular | SEP/DGB, Plan de Estudios de la Bachillerato General, campo de Lengua Adicional. Inglés, habilidad A2+ a B1 |
| Programa de referencia | Marco Curricular Común para la Educación Media Superior (MCCEMS), semestre 3 |
| Fuente curricular | Programa analítico de la materia construido por Lumbre a partir del programa SEP/DGB vigente |
| Plan de estudios | Plan de Estudios de la Bachillerato General SEP/DGB (vigente) |
| Autor | Roadwise Consulting |
| Edad referencial | 16 a 19 años |
| OA anterior | ingles2-u4-evaluacion-integradora |
| OA siguiente | ingles3-u1-present-perfect-continuous-how-long |
| Fecha de revisión | 2026-09-25 |
| Versión de contenido | 2 (diagrama original, 2026-09-25) |
1. Arranque: dos frases que parecen la misma
Two sentences look almost identical and do different work: "I saw that film last week" and "I have seen that film". The first one tells you when. The second one tells you something about you right now: you know how it ends. The past simple puts the action inside a finished time, and the present perfect connects a past action to the moment of speaking. Esta es la distinción que sostiene todo el objeto. En español el pasado simple y el presente perfecto no se reparten el trabajo igual, y por eso este tema se nos atasca: nadie dice "he visto esa película la semana pasada". En inglés esa frase también está mal, pero por una razón distinta y fácil de explicar. As soon as you name a finished time, like yesterday or in 2019, the verb must go back to the past simple. Aquí vas a aprender a decidir el tiempo por el marco de tiempo, no por la traducción.
2. La forma: have plus past participle
La fórmula no tiene secreto: the present perfect is have or has plus the past participle, and the participle of an irregular verb is a form you memorise, not one you derive. En tercera persona el auxiliar es has, y el participio de verbos como write o see no se deduce: se memoriza con la base y el pasado. Para este objeto necesitas los veinte de la tabla siguiente, sin excepción.
| Base | Past simple | Past participle | Ejemplo en present perfect |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | She has been in Cancún twice |
| do | did | done | I have done my homework |
| go | went | gone | He has gone to the shop |
| see | saw | seen | We have seen that series |
| eat | ate | eaten | They have eaten tamales before |
| write | wrote | written | She has written two poems |
| take | took | taken | I have taken that bus |
| give | gave | given | He has given up smoking |
| know | knew | known | We have known each other for years |
| think | thought | thought | I have thought about it |
| buy | bought | bought | She has bought a new phone |
| bring | brought | brought | They have brought snacks |
| meet | met | met | I have met her brother |
| leave | left | left | He has left the class |
| read | read | read | She has read the whole book |
| speak | spoke | spoken | We have spoken to the teacher |
| break | broke | broken | I have broken my phone twice |
| choose | chose | chosen | She has chosen her career |
| begin | began | begun | It has begun to rain |
| drink | drank | drunk | He has drunk three coffees today |
Choose the correct form:
Why is "He has gone to the shop" different from "He has been to the shop"?
The past participle of "read" is spelled "read" but pronounced like "red".
Complete: I have (see) that film and she has (do) her project.
3. Cuándo cada tiempo: la línea de tiempo
La regla de decisión cabe en una pregunta. Check a tense choice with one question only: is the time finished or still open. Si el marco de tiempo ya cerró, past simple. Si el marco sigue abierto (today, this week, ever, in my life, recently), present perfect. The past simple puts the action inside a finished time, and the present perfect connects a past action to the moment of speaking.
| Uso | Tiempo | Señal típica | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experiencia, sin fecha | Present perfect | ever, never, in my life, twice | I have travelled abroad only once |
| Evento reciente con resultado ahora | Present perfect | just, already, yet, recently | She has just left, so the room is empty |
| Acción en momento cerrado | Past simple | yesterday, last year, in 2022, two days ago | We visited Oaxaca last December |
| Duración hasta hoy | Present perfect | for + length, since + start | I have known Ana since 2015 |
Nota la cuarta fila: ahí el present perfect no habla de un evento, habla de un estado que sigue vivo. The present perfect of a recent event matters because of its result now, not because of the moment it happened. Y de ahí sale el error que más se corrige en los exámenes: the most common error is not a form but a choice: using the past simple where the time is still open.
Put each sentence in the box that matches its time frame
Arrastra cada ficha a su categoría (o tócala y luego toca la categoría). También puedes usar el teclado.
Which sentence is correct?
"She has broken her phone" is a better answer than "She broke her phone" when:
4. Señales léxicas: ever, never, just, already, yet
Cada señal arrastra su posición en la oración y su tiempo. We use the present perfect to talk about life experience without saying when it happened. Ever va en preguntas y after the auxiliary; never es una respuesta negativa con verbo afirmativo, porque en inglés no se duplica la negación.
| Señal | Qué pregunta | Posición | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| ever | in your life, at any time | after have/has | Have you ever cooked for a party? |
| never | not at any time up to now | before the participle | I have never skipped school |
| just | a very short time ago | before the participle | We have just finished class |
| already | sooner than expected | before the participle | He has already paid |
| yet | up to now, in questions and negatives | at the end | Have you done it yet? |
| recently / lately | in the near open period | before or after | Lately she has trained a lot |
| ago / last / in 2019 | finished time | after the clause | They moved here in 2019 |
Choose the correct sentence:
Where does "yet" go?
"I have not never eaten snails" is acceptable in standard English.
Complete with one word: Have you finished , or She has left before the class started.
5. For and since: simulador con cuentas de años
Aquí la gramática se vuelve aritmética. For measures a length of time and since marks the starting point of that time. Hoy es 2026, así que "since 2019" equivale a "for seven years"; "since 2022" es "for four years"; "since 2015" es "for eleven years". When a for phrase ends in the present the tense is present perfect, and when it ends in the past the tense is past simple.
| Situación | Since | For | Oración correcta | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learned English in 2018 | since 2018 | for eight years | I have learned English since 2018 | Still learning: open time |
| Moved to the city in 2022 | since 2022 | for four years | We have lived here since 2022 | Still living here |
| Met Ana in 2015 | since 2015 | for eleven years | I have known Ana since 2015 | Friendship continues |
| Worked at the shop 2018 to 2021 | no since | for three years | I worked at the shop for three years | Finished: past simple |
| Started the guitar at age nine, in 2019 | since 2019 | for seven years | She has played the guitar for seven years | Check: 2026 minus 2019 |
Dos advertencias prácticas. La primera: since needs a point, not a length, so "since three years" is wrong and the fix is "for three years". La segunda: si el periodo ya cerró, la cuenta cambia de tiempo y "for three years" se queda con past simple, sin have. As soon as you name a finished time, like yesterday or in 2019, the verb must go back to the past simple.
Your cousin started piano in 2019 and still plays. Choose the best sentence:
"I worked at my uncle’s shop for three years" tells the listener that:
"He has lived here since five years" is correct.
It is 2026, so "I have studied English since 2018" means "I have studied English for years.
6. Preguntas y respuestas cortas: el banco para la entrevista
Una entrevista real no se sostiene con respuestas de una palabra, pero tampoco con parrafadas. Short answers keep the auxiliary and drop the participle: Yes, I have and No, I haven’t. La estructura que funciona es: auxiliar, sujeto, verbo en participio, y un detalle concreto después.
| Pregunta | Respuesta corta | Respuesta extendida |
|---|---|---|
| Have you ever travelled abroad? | Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. | Yes, I have. I went to Guatemala in 2024 and I still think about the food. |
| How long have you known your best friend? | Since 2015. / For eleven years. | Since primary school. We met at a birthday party and we have stayed close ever since. |
| Have you finished your project yet? | Not yet. | Not yet. I have already written the introduction, but I haven’t found enough sources. |
| Have you ever learned a skill on your own? | Yes, I have. | Yes, I have. I taught myself to edit videos, and it has helped me earn a little money. |
| Has anything changed in your neighbourhood recently? | Yes, it has. | Yes, it has. They have built a sports court, so more people are outside in the evening. |
| What is the most interesting person you have ever met? | My grandmother. | My grandmother. She has raised five children and never stopped working. |
| How many times have you moved? | Three times. | Three times. Each move has taught me how to start over quickly. |
Para alargar sin quedarse en blanco hay una regla simple. To extend an answer you add one detail and one feeling, not a list of dates. Un detalle concreto es un lugar, una fecha o una cifra; un feeling es why it mattered.
A short answer keeps the auxiliary and drops the participle. Which one is correct?
Your partner asks "Have you ever cooked for a big group?". A good extended answer adds:
Order the five moves of a good spoken answer
Arrastra cada ficha a su categoría (o tócala y luego toca la categoría). También puedes usar el teclado.
Match each question to the answer that fits it
7. Pronunciación: el auxiliar casi desaparece
Escribirlo bien y decirlo bien son dos tareas distintas. In connected speech have is reduced to have, so I’ve seen sounds almost like I seen. Escucha la diferencia: "I have seen it" en lectura lenta contra "I’ve seen it" en habla real, donde el auxiliar se reduce a una sílaba débil y a veces sólo queda la consonante pegada a la palabra anterior.
| Forma escrita | Forma hablada | Se oye como | Cuidado |
|---|---|---|---|
| I have seen | I’ve seen | eye-seen | The v is almost silent |
| you have gone | you’ve gone | yuh-gone | Do not add a strong you |
| he has left | he’s left | heez-left | He’s can be he is or he has |
| she has gone | she’s gone | sheez-gone | Use the context to decide |
| we have met | we’ve met | weev-met | Link the v to met |
| they have eaten | they’ve eaten | theyv-eaten | Do not pronounce have fully |
| is not / has not | isn’t / hasn’t | izzent, hasent | The stress stays on the first syllable |
Dos avisos más. En "he’s left" el auxiliar es ambiguo y el participio lo resuelve: left after has is a participle, left after is would be an action in progress in British English. Y en preguntas con yet, la t final casi no se suelta: "yet" suena como "ye". The classroom English you need at this level is asking about experience and keeping the conversation alive.
8. Errores frecuentes del hispanohablante
| Lo que sale mal | Forma correcta | Por qué pasa | Cómo autocorregirte |
|---|---|---|---|
| I have 17 years | I am 17 (years old) | La edad se es, no se tiene | Piensa en el verbo to be |
| Did you ever went there? | Have you ever been there? | Doble marca de pasado y señal equivocada | Did va con base verbal |
| I have saw it yesterday | I saw it yesterday | Fecha cerrada con presente perfecto | Si dices cuándo, usa past simple |
| She have finished | She has finished | Tercera persona sin has | Con he, she, it: has |
| I have wrote the letter | I have written the letter | Confundir past simple con participio | Memoriza los tres juntos |
| He didn’t went | He didn’t go | Doble pasado | Tras did, siempre la base |
| Since three years | For three years | Since pide un punto de partida | Since más año, for más cantidad |
| I am living here since 2019 | I have lived here since 2019 | Presente continuo con duración hasta hoy | Duración hasta hoy pide have |
| I have never not eaten it | I have never eaten it | Doble negación | Con never el verbo va afirmativo |
| Already en el final | He has already finished | Posición del adverbio | Just, already, never van antes del participio |
El último de la lista es el que más bajo el puntaje en la parte escrita, y no por forma: a paragraph about your life so far needs two tenses working together, never the same one for eight lines. Un párrafo con ocho frases en present perfect suena a lista; uno que alterna abre con experiencias y baja a fechas concretas.
9. Lectura: un texto modelo de vida hasta ahora
| Renglón del texto | Tiempo | Qué hace ese tiempo |
|---|---|---|
| My name is Daniela, I am seventeen, and this is my life so far. | Presente | Abre el marco: hasta hoy |
| I have lived in two cities and I have changed schools three times. | Present perfect | Experiencia, sin fecha |
| The first change happened in 2021, when my father got a job in Puebla. | Past simple | Evento con fecha |
| Since then, I have learned to start over quickly. | Present perfect | Resultado que sigue |
| I have never played a team sport, but last year I joined a running group. | Ambos | Contraste entre experiencia y fecha |
| We have run four races together, and the last one was in October. | Ambos | Grupo abierto, evento cerrado |
| I have already decided what I want to study, but I haven’t told my mother yet. | Present perfect | Ya y todavía no, con yet al final |
| My life so far has taught me one thing: I get used to everything. | Present perfect | Cierre con saldo |
Fíjate en el patrón. In a biography the present perfect opens the frame and the past simple fills it with dated events. En el renglón cinco el autor cambia de tiempo en la misma oración y eso no es un error: es exactamente lo que hay que saber hacer.
Why does Daniela switch to past simple in "last year I joined a running group"?
How many races has the group run?
The text shows that Daniela has told her mother about her decision.
From the text: she has lived in cities and she has changed schools times.
10. Simulación: elegir el tiempo en un párrafo
Simulación de un borrador con ocho huecos, con las dos opciones y la razón. Lee la columna de decisión en voz alta: es la pregunta de cierre de este objeto. Check a tense choice with one question only: is the time finished or still open.
| Oración con opciones | Correcta | Razón |
|---|---|---|
| Last month I (visit / have visited) my grandparents | visit | last month is finished |
| I (knew / have known) my best friend since 2015 | have known | since marks an open period |
| She (has moved / moved) to Tijuana in 2023 | moved | the year closes the frame |
| We (have just finished / just finished) the exam | have just finished | recent action with a present result |
| He (has never tried / never tried) sushi in his life | has never tried | in his life is open |
| They (have been / were) at the fair two days ago | were | ago forces the past |
| I (have read / read) that book already | have read | already works with open time |
| When I was small, I (have broken / broke) my arm | broke | when I was small is a closed period |
Which pair of sentences is completely correct?
A classmate writes "I have been to Acapulco last summer". The best feedback is:
Sort each signal into the tense box it belongs to
Arrastra cada ficha a su categoría (o tócala y luego toca la categoría). También puedes usar el teclado.
11. Práctica guiada: el párrafo resuelto
Se escribe "My life so far" en ochenta palabras, con la estructura que sí funciona. Paso 1, abrir el marco con presente y una oración en present perfect: "I am seventeen and this is my life so far. I have done a few things I am proud of." Paso 2, dos experiencias sin fecha con ever, never y once: "I have never missed a school year, and I have only travelled abroad once." a paragraph about your life so far needs two tenses working together, never the same one for eight lines. Paso 3, bajar a dos eventos fechados en past simple: "That trip was in 2024. My family drove to Belize and we crossed the border at six in the morning." Paso 4, cerrar con una duración hasta hoy: "Since that trip, I have saved money every month because I want to go back by myself." Cuatro pasos, dos tiempos, cero traducción.
| Renglón | Función | Tiempo |
|---|---|---|
| I am seventeen and this is my life so far | Open the frame | Present simple |
| I have done a few things I am proud of | Experience, no date | Present perfect |
| I have never missed a school year | Experience with never | Present perfect |
| That trip was in 2024 | Dated event | Past simple |
| We crossed the border at six in the morning | Dated detail | Past simple |
| Since that trip, I have saved money every month | Duration up to now | Present perfect |
| Because I want to go back by myself | Present intention | Present simple |
Why does the paragraph put "That trip was in 2024" in the past simple?
Rewrite with for or since: "I started working out in 2023 and I still do" becomes "I have worked out 2023, for years."
12. Actividad interactiva: entrevista en tres vueltas
Actividad hablada, en parejas, con tres vueltas y sin libreta. Vuelta uno: haces dos preguntas del banco de la sección 6. Vuelta dos: tu compañero alarga cada respuesta con un detalle y un feeling. Vuelta tres: los dos cambian a for y since con cuentas de años, usando el año de referencia actual. The classroom English you need at this level is asking about experience and keeping the conversation alive.
- Pregunta uno: Have you ever learned something without a teacher?
- Pregunta dos: How long have you known your best friend?
- Follow-up obligatorio: When exactly did that happen? Here the tense must switch to the past.
- Tu compañero responde con detalle y feeling; tú tomas nota de una sola palabra para volver a preguntar.
- Cierre: reporta a la clase dos cosas de tu compañero, una con present perfect y una con past simple.
- Regla de oro: si tu compañero dice una fecha, tu reporte cambia de tiempo. Eso es lo que se evalúa.
13. Guion y storyboard del video del objeto
| Plano | Tiempo | Imagen en pantalla | Narración | Texto en pantalla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0:00 a 0:22 | Una mochila sobre una silla y una línea de tiempo dibujada en la pared | This is my life so far. Two tenses tell it, and they do different work. | So far versus last year |
| 2 | 0:22 a 0:54 | Un letrero con I have seen y otro con I saw it yesterday | I have seen that film: it says something about me now. I saw it yesterday: it says when. | Open frame, closed frame |
| 3 | 0:54 a 1:24 | Una hoja con veinte verbos irregulares y sus tres formas | The participle is not a rule. You learn base, past, participle as one block. | have or has plus participle |
| 4 | 1:24 a 1:56 | Un calendario donde se borra el año y queda una pregunta | The moment you name a finished time, the perfect tense loses its job. | yesterday, last year, in 2019, ago |
| 5 | 1:56 a 2:28 | Una línea que va de 2019 a hoy con la etiqueta for seven years | Since is the door, for is the corridor. One is the start point, the other is the length. | since 2019 for seven years |
| 6 | 2:28 a 3:00 | Dos estudiantes hablando; subtítulos con Yes, I have y Not yet | Short answers keep the auxiliary. Then one detail and one feeling keep the conversation alive. | Yes, I have |
| 7 | 3:00 a 3:32 | Un audio wave que se aplasta: I have seen, I’ve seen | In real speech the helper verb almost disappears. Listen for the consonant, not the syllable. | I’ve seen |
| 8 | 3:32 a 4:04 | Un párrafo a mano con cuatro renglones iluminándose por turnos | Open the frame, give two experiences, drop two dates, close with how long. | My life so far |
14. Rúbrica de la entrevista oral
| Criterio | Aún no cumple | Suficiente | Bueno | Destacado |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elección de tiempo | Todo en past simple o todo en present perfect | Alterna con algunos errores | Alterna bien y corrige solo | Cambia de tiempo al mencionar fechas sin pensarlo |
| Forma del participio | Usa el pasado como participio | Faltan dos de veinte irregulares | Maneja los veinte de la tabla | Añade participios que no estaban en clase |
| Respuestas cortas | Responde con la oración completa o con sí o no | Yes, I have | Añade un detalle | Detalle, feeling y pregunta de regreso |
| Señales léxicas | No usa señales | Usa ever y never | Usa just, already y yet en su lugar | Usa for y since con cuentas correctas |
| Pronunciación | Lee palabra por palabra | Se entiende con esfuerzo | Contracciones naturales | Ritmo de conversación, auxiliar reducido |
| Fluidez | Traduce en voz alta | Pausas largas pero avanza | Habla dos minutos | Sostiene tres minutos y retoma tras equivocarse |
In the rubric, which evidence belongs to the Destacado level of the tense choice?
15. Práctica independiente
Escribe tu párrafo "My life so far" de ochenta a ciento veinte palabras y graba tu entrevista. Life experience vocabulary works in chunks: travel abroad, move city, learn a skill, meet someone. Entrega lo siguiente.
- El párrafo con cuatro oraciones en present perfect y tres en past simple, cada fecha en su lugar.
- Debajo del párrafo, una tabla: oración, tiempo usado y la razón en español de una línea.
- Cinco oraciones con for o since y sus cuentas de años, usando el año actual como referencia.
- Tres oraciones corregidas de tu propio borrador, con la versión mala escrita también.
- Una grabación de dos minutos contando una experiencia a un compañero, sin leer.
- Diez verbos irregulares con sus tres formas, dictados por ti mismo y corregidos con la tabla.
16. Resumen del objeto
the past simple puts the action inside a finished time, and the present perfect connects a past action to the moment of speaking. As soon as you name a finished time, like yesterday or in 2019, the verb must go back to the past simple. The present perfect is have or has plus the past participle, and the participle of an irregular verb is a form you memorise, not one you derive. We use the present perfect to talk about life experience without saying when it happened. The present perfect of a recent event matters because of its result now, not because of the moment it happened. ever and never work with the present perfect because they ask about any time up to now. Just, already and yet are present perfect signals about how close the action is to the present. For measures a length of time and since marks the starting point of that time. When a for phrase ends in the present the tense is present perfect, and when it ends in the past the tense is past simple. Short answers keep the auxiliary and drop the participle: Yes, I have and No, I haven’t. In connected speech have is reduced to have, so I’ve seen sounds almost like I seen. age is not possession in English: you are seventeen, you do not have seventeen years. Spanish speakers double-mark the past, with did plus a past form, and English only marks it once. In a biography the present perfect opens the frame and the past simple fills it with dated events. To extend an answer you add one detail and one feeling, not a list of dates. A paragraph about your life so far needs two tenses working together, never the same one for eight lines. Check a tense choice with one question only: is the time finished or still open.
| Habilidad | Prueba | Formato |
|---|---|---|
| Decidir el tiempo | Ocho oraciones con marcadores | Cinco aciertos de ocho |
| Producir participios | Dictado de veinte | Diecisiete correctos |
| Preguntar con ever | Tres preguntas orales | Sin auxiliares perdidos |
| Calcular for y since | Cinco cuentas de años | Todas correctas |
| Contar tu vida | Párrafo de ochenta palabras | Dos tiempos alternando |
| Responder en corto | Yes, I have y Not yet | Cuatro respuestas naturales |
17. Glosario
| Término | Definición operativa |
|---|---|
| Present perfect | have o has más el participio pasado, para conectar un pasado con el presente |
| Past participle | La tercera forma del verbo, la que usa el perfect y la voz pasiva |
| Irregular verb | Verbo cuyas formas no salen de una regla y hay que memorizar |
| Time frame | El periodo en el que metes la acción: cerrado o abierto |
| Finished time | Marcador que cierra el marco: yesterday, last year, ago, in 2019 |
| Open time | Marcador que lo deja abierto: ever, yet, recently, this week, so far |
| Since | Desde un punto de partida: since 2019, since Monday, since I was nine |
| For | Durante una cantidad: for three years, for ten minutes |
| Short answer | Respuesta con el auxiliar y sin el participio: Yes, she has |
| Contracción | Forma reducida del auxiliar en el habla: I’ve, she’s, they’ve |
| Chunk | Bloque léxico que se aprende entero: travel abroad, change schools |
| Doble marca | Poner pasado dos veces, con did y con forma pasada: error |
18. Anexo de anclas del objeto
| Ancla | Frase literal |
|---|---|
| contraste | the past simple puts the action inside a finished time, and the present perfect connects a past action to the moment of speaking |
| experiencia | we use the present perfect to talk about life experience without saying when it happened |
| terminado | as soon as you name a finished time, like yesterday or in 2019, the verb must go back to the past simple |
| forma | the present perfect is have or has plus the past participle, and the participle of an irregular verb is a form you memorise, not one you derive |
| resultado | the present perfect of a recent event matters because of its result now, not because of the moment it happened |
| ever | ever and never work with the present perfect because they ask about any time up to now |
| just | just, already and yet are present perfect signals about how close the action is to the present |
| forsince | for measures a length of time and since marks the starting point of that time |
| hastaahora | when a for phrase ends in the present the tense is present perfect, and when it ends in the past the tense is past simple |
| preguntas | short answers keep the auxiliary and drop the participle: Yes, I have and No, I haven’t |
| contraccion | in connected speech have is reduced to have, so I’ve seen sounds almost like I seen |
| posesion | age is not possession in English: you are seventeen, you do not have seventeen years |
| doble | Spanish speakers double-mark the past, with did plus a past form, and English only marks it once |
| lectura | in a biography the present perfect opens the frame and the past simple fills it with dated events |
| speaking | to extend an answer you add one detail and one feeling, not a list of dates |
| writing | a paragraph about your life so far needs two tenses working together, never the same one for eight lines |
| vocabulario | life experience vocabulary works in chunks: travel abroad, move city, learn a skill, meet someone |
| error | the most common error is not a form but a choice: using the past simple where the time is still open |
| clase | the classroom English you need at this level is asking about experience and keeping the conversation alive |
| fuente | el programa de semestre 3 pide hablar de experiencias propias y de otros usando tiempos verbales que conectan pasado y presente |
| siguiente | the next object adds the present perfect continuous to say how long something has been happening |
| verifica | check a tense choice with one question only: is the time finished or still open |
| Reactivo | Respuesta | Por qué |
|---|---|---|
| Sección 2 | b, b, Verdadero, seen y done | El participio es forma propia, no deducción |
| Sección 3 | b, b, clasificación correcta | El marco de tiempo manda, no la traducción |
| Sección 4 | c, b, Falso, yet y just | Ever pide present perfect; yet va al final |
| Sección 5 | c, b, Falso, eight | For mide cantidad, since marca el inicio |
| Sección 6 | b, b, orden correcto, emparejamiento correcto | La respuesta corta conserva el auxiliar |
| Sección 9 | b, a, Falso, two y three | La fecha obliga al past simple |
| Sección 10 | b, b, clasificación correcta | Cada señal pertenece a un tiempo |
| Sección 11 | b, since y three | Cuatro pasos del párrafo |
| Rúbrica | b | Cambiar de tiempo con la fecha es el nivel alto |
19. Fuentes y continuidad
Objeto construido sobre el programa analítico de Lengua Adicional. Inglés III (SEP/DGB, semestre 3) con referencia al MCCEMS y al nivel A2+ a B1 del Marco Común Europeo. El texto de lectura, los diálogos, las oraciones de ejemplo y los datos de la simulación fueron escritos para este objeto y no provienen de materiales con derechos de autor; las notas de pronunciación son orientativas y no sustituyen el audio del laboratorio. El programa de semestre 3 pide hablar de experiencias propias y de otros usando tiempos verbales que conectan pasado y presente.
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Present perfect vs past simple: anclas o puentes
- El pasado simple echa anclas
El past simple corta un pedazo de tiempo que ya termino: dices CUANDO y el momento queda cerrado. "I saw that film last week": la semana pasada ya no esta disponible para el verbo. Si la frase funciona con yesterday, es past simple.
- El present perfect tiende un puente
Have/has + participle conecta el pasado con el presente: importa la experiencia acumulada hasta ahora, no cuando paso. "I have seen it three times" responde CANTO, no CUANDO. Si no puedes poner una fecha terminada, vas por el puente. Which one answers "when"? Which one answers "how many times in your life"?
Sort the participles in three columns
Classification activity: copy into your notebook three columns — Base form | Past simple | Past participle — and sort the verbs of the text into this listing. Regular participles add -ed and repeat the past simple (work – worked – worked, study – studied – studied), while irregular participles change completely (go – went – gone, see – saw – seen, write – wrote – written, be – was/were – been). Compare your three columns with your teammates: which participle surprised you most and why?
El PDA usa los adverbios yet, already, just, recently, lately, ever y never con el presente perfecto. ¿Cuál oración afirmativa es correcta?
Adverbios con presente perfecto: Have you seen the rain? (alguna vez) / They have not sold all the newspapers . (todavía)
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