Everything is made of tiny particles
Look around you: your desk, a glass of water, the air you breathe. They all look different, but they are built from the same thing — super tiny pieces called particles that are far too small to see.
What changes is how the particles are arranged and how they move. That is why the same stuff can be a hard solid, a flowing liquid, or a spread-out gas. Even water can be all three: an ice cube, a drink, and the steam above a boiling pot.
Meet the three states
- Solid: the particles are packed tight and only vibrate. A solid keeps its own shape.
- Liquid: the particles are close but can slide over each other. A liquid takes the shape of its container.
- Gas: the particles are far apart and move fast in every direction. A gas fills all the space it can.
| State | Shape | Volume | Everyday example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solid | Keeps its own shape | Fixed | An ice cube |
| Liquid | Takes the cup's shape | Fixed | Water in a glass |
| Gas | Spreads to fill space | Changes | Air in a balloon |
Which state of matter keeps its own shape all by itself?
A gas spreads out to fill all the space it is in.
Water can be three things: a hard when it is frozen, a flowing when it is a drink, and an invisible when it boils into steam.
You pour juice from a bottle into a bowl. The juice now has the shape of the bowl. What can you say about juice?
Match each state with how its particles behave:
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Pick one object near you right now. Say whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas, and explain how its particles are moving. Then imagine heating it: what could change?
Think about shape, volume and how fast the particles move.
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